adjust picture size in matlab app designer
This document describes some additional MATLAB background and examples that may be useful for your final projects, illustrating the following topics:
App Startup Function
Displaying Images and Graphics in Apps
Selecting a File for Reading or Writing with uigetfile
and uiputfile
Text Areas
Recording Mouse Clicks
Adding Buttons to a Radio Button Group
Changing the Text in GUI Components
Tips on Working with Excel Spreadsheets
Code and other files for these examples can be found in the MATLAB_extras
folder in the CS112 download
directory (also in this zip file). There is an App named extrasApp
created with App Designer that can be executed to demonstrate many of these examples. When you run this App, the following motley display of GUI components will appear:
The actions of the various GUI components are described in the sections below. The MATLAB Help facility provides further documentation for the functions described here.
App Startup Function
The Figure window for an App, named app.UIFigure
by default, has a startupFcn
callback function that you can define, which is executed automatically when the App first starts up. This function is useful for performing tasks such as loading data for the program or adjusting the content of the visual layout in ways that may not be easily done in the Design View in the App Designer tool. For illustration, some of the code in the extrasApp
example described below is placed in this startup callback function.
Displaying Images and Graphics in Apps
In Apps, there is an Image GUI component for displaying images, with an ImageSource
property that can be used to change the image content, as done in this code placed in the startupFcn
function for the extrasApp
program:
im = imread('monaLisa.jpg'); app.Image.ImageSource = im;
The Image component can only be used to display images as shown above. It cannot be used to display superimposed graphics and also cannot be used with the imshow
function. The Axes component, however, can be used to display both images and other graphics, and can also use colormaps. Graphics functions such as plot
and scatter
have an optional first input that can be used to specify an Axes component for displaying in an App, for example:
plot(app.UIAxes, xc, yc, 'r:*')
Other functions, like imshow
, can also direct their output to an Axes component, but this is instead specified with the Parent
property, for example:
imshow(im, 'Parent', app.UIAxes)
The image of Mona Lisa cited earlier is a color image stored in a 864x560x3
matrix, with the third dimension specifying the RGB values at each image location. A 2D gray-scale image can be shown with a colormap, where the values in the image matrix are used to select a color from the colormap, for each image location. The imshow
function has an optional second input that can be a colormap, for example:
coins = imread('coins.png'); imshow(coins, jet, 'Parent', app.UIAxes)
This displays the coins image like this:
For information on how to integrate particular graphing or image display functions with Apps, see the MATLAB documentation.
Selecting a File for Reading or Writing with uigetfile
and uiputfile
The built-in MATLAB functions uigetfile
and uiputfile
allow the user to navigate to a desired folder and select a particular file for reading, or specify a desired file name and file type for writing. Pushing the get image file
button on the extrasApp
GUI results in the execution of the uigetfile
function that opens a dialog box that allows the user to select an image file to load:
If the desired type of file is grayed out, the All Files
option can be selected from the drop-down menu labeled Enable: (the Options button shows this menu if it's not visible). In this example, only files with a .png
file extension are enabled because the input to uigetfile
indicates this extension for the file name:
[fileName, filePath] = uigetfile('*.png'); im = imread([filePath fileName]); imshow(im, 'Parent', app.UIAxes))
There's an image file named Wellesley.png
in the MATLAB_extras
folder that contains a campus map that can be selected here. The image is read in using the imread
function and displayed on the GUI:
If the save text
button at the top of the GUI window is pressed, the uiputfile
function is called and a dialog box appears that allows the user to navigate to a desired folder and specify a file name and type of file to write. You can select a name for a textfile (such as CS111
in the example below), and click on the Save
button. The code then saves the current course description (displayed on the GUI) in a text file named CS111.txt
.
The following code performs these actions:
% allow the user to navigate to a desired folder and % specify a file name for saving the course description [fileName, pathName] = uiputfile('*.txt'); fid = fopen([pathName fileName], 'w'); courseDescription = app.descriptionTextArea.Value; for i = 1:length(courseDescription) fprintf(fid, '%s\n', courseDescription{i}); end fclose(fid);
Text Areas
The example illustrated above contains a Text Area GUI component in which a course description is displayed with multiple lines of text. Selecting a different introductory CS course from the drop-down menu results in a different description being displayed in the Text Area. The text for these descriptions is read from a text file named courseInfo.txt
that has the following content:
*** Programming and Problem Solving In-depth introduction to computational thinking and programming using Python *** Computation for the Sciences In-depth introduction to computational thinking and programming using MATLAB *** Computing for the Socio-Techno Web Introduction to aspects of Computer Science that impact society *** Inventing Mobile Apps Intro to Computer Science through creation of apps for mobile devices
In the startup function in the extrasApp
example, named startupFcn
, the content of the courseInfo.txt
file is read in and stored in a property named app.courseInfo
, which gets assigned to a cell array containing separate strings corresponding to each line of the above text file. The following code implements this:
% load information about CS courses from a text file fid = fopen('courseInfo.txt'); app.courseInfo = textscan(fid, '%s', 'Delimiter', '\n'); app.courseInfo = app.courseInfo{1}; fclose(fid);
Multiple lines of text can be manually entered into the Value
property box for the app.descriptionTextArea
component in the Design View in App Designer. Alternatively, it can be added by the startupFcn
function with code such as the following:
app.descriptionTextArea.Value = app.courseInfo(2:5);
The expression on the right is a cell array containing four strings, which are the four lines of text for the CS111 course description.
When the drop-down menu of courses is changed, the following callback function is executed, which displays the course description for the newly selected course in the Text Area:
function courseDropDownValueChanged(app, event) value = app.courseDropDown.Value; index = find(strcmp(app.courseDropDown.Items, value)); startIndices = 1 + find(strcmp(app.courseInfo, '***')); start = startIndices(index); app.descriptionTextArea.Value = app.courseInfo(start:start+3); end
This code takes advantage of the special ***
strings that were used to separate the course descriptions in the courseInfo.txt
text file.
Recording Mouse Clicks
The getpts
function can be used to record the locations of mouse clicks made in an axis area. When the getpts
function is called, the user can click on a series of locations in the axis area and the x,y
coordinates of the locations of the mouse clicks are recorded and stored in vectors that are returned by the function. The final location is specified with a double-click. Unfortunately, the getpts
function cannot be used directly to gather mouse clicks on an Axes component in an App. In the extrasApp
example, we get around this limitation by opening a separate figure window for the user to click on a set of desired locations with the mouse. When the user clicks on the get mouse clicks
button on the GUI, the getmouseclicksButtonPushed
callback function is invoked, which runs the code below. The wellesley.png
image is displayed both on the GUI and in a separate figure window. The getpts
function gathers the locations of mouse clicks made in the separate figure window, and the locations of the mouse clicks are then displayed on the main App window with the plot
function:
im = imread('wellesley.png'); imshow(im, 'Parent', app.UIAxes); figure imshow(im); [xcoords, ycoords] = getpts; hold(app.UIAxes,'on') plot(app.UIAxes, xcoords, ycoords, 'r', 'LineWidth', 3); im = imread('wellesley.png');
Here is an example of the result of these actions:
Adding Buttons to a Radio Button Group
It appears that only three buttons can be set up directly for a Radio Button Group component, in the Design View in App Designer. Fortunately, additional buttons can be added in the Code View, with the following two steps:
- add a new Property to the app structure
- add code to the startup callback function to add the new button to the Radio Button Group and set its
Text
andPosition
properties
In the extrasApp
example, the new radio button is referred to as app.Answer4Button
. The new Property is set up as follows:
properties (Access = private) courseInfo = {}; % stores course descriptions Answer4Button = []; % fourth button for a Radio Button Group end
and in the startupFcn
function, the following code is added:
% create Answer4Button app.Answer4Button = uiradiobutton(app.QuestionButtonGroup); app.Answer4Button.Text = 'Answer 4'; app.Answer4Button.Position = [11 31 72 22];
Changing the Text in GUI Components
The text displayed on any GUI component can be changed after the App is launched. Earlier, you saw an example of changing the text in a Text Area component. In the extrasApp
example, clicking on the change text
button invokes the changetextButtonPushed
callback function that contains the following code that changes the options in the drop-down menu and the text for the Radio Button Group:
app.courseDropDown.Items = {'CS231' 'CS232' 'CS235' 'CS240'}; app.QuestionButtonGroup.Title = 'Which course do you plan to take next?'; app.Answer1Button.Text = 'CS231'; app.Answer2Button.Text = 'CS232'; app.Answer3Button.Text = 'CS235'; app.Answer4Button.Text = 'CS240';
The options in a List Box
can be changed in the same way that the options for the drop-down menu are changed in the above code.
Tips on Working with Excel Spreadsheets
The xlsread
function can be used to read the content of Excel spreadsheets into MATLAB. (In the 2019 version of MATLAB, the documentation recommends using readtable
, readmatrix
, or readcell
instead, but the xlsread
function is likely to stay for some time.) You may have difficulty reading a spreadsheet that has a complex structure such as that shown in the following example that was downloaded from a U.S. government website:
Consider creating a simpler spreadsheet that only contains the essential information in a simpler format, such as that shown here:
The format of the numbers, which contain commas, may still be problematic for reading into MATLAB, but this format can be changed. To do this, select the Cells...
option from the Format
menu at the top of the Excel window. The following dialog box appears (the Number
category is selected on the left):
The box labeled "Use 1000 Separator (,)"
should be unchecked and the proper format for negative numbers should be selected, as shown in the above picture. Clicking the OK
button will apply this formatting, which results in the following content:
Suppose the new spreadsheet is named dataNew.xlsx
. It can then be read into MATLAB using xlsread
:
[numData txtData] = xlsread('dataNew.xls')
There is no semi-colon at the end of the statement, so the values of numData
and txtData
are printed in the Command window. numData
is a matrix storing the numerical data from the spreadsheet and txtData
is a cell array containing the strings of text stored in the first column of the spreadsheet. If three output variables are provided when calling the xlsread
function, as shown in the following example, the third variable will be assigned to a 2D cell array containing all of the data in the spreadsheet.
[numData txtData allData] = xlsread('dataNew.xls')
In this example, textual data from the spreadsheet will be stored as strings in the corresponding cells of allData
and numerical data from the spreadsheet will be stored as numbers in the cells of allData
.
adjust picture size in matlab app designer
Source: https://cs.wellesley.edu/~cs112/matlabExtras.html
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